Nutritional Management of Type 1 Diabetes

This chapter focuses on medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is vital to achieve metabolic control in patients suffering from this disease. The nutritional goals for people with T1DM are reviewed, which aim at maintaining near-normal blood glucose levels by coordinating insulin therapy, diet, and physical activity patterns. A nutrition prescription is given, and recommenda‐ tions for appropriate MNT in type 1 diabetes are deduced. Glycemic targets in people with T1DM are highlighted; moreover, the principle of carbohydrate consistency and insulin adjustments with food intake are stressed upon. Meal planning approaches to achieve carbohydrate consistency, including carbohydrate counting, exchange system, and sample meal plans, are explained. Weight management, energy require‐ ments, macronutrients and micronutrients needs, as well as nutritional management during exercise and supports take special attention in this chapter. Information in this chapter is retrieved from evidence-based resources and evidencebased guidelines. If the latter are not available, information retrieved from highquality research studies, consensus statements, and well-based experts opinions are included.